| 摘要 |
［Objectives］ To obtain a novel cultivar of Chuanminshen violaceum with robust growth, high yield, and stable genetic traits. [Methods] A systematic selection method was employed to conduct a multi-point testing and regional production trial utilizing C. violaceum strain CMS1, which was sourced from a semi-wild population in Langzhong, Sichuan Province, as the experimental material. In contrast, C. violaceum CMS2, derived from a cultivated population in Langzhong, Sichuan Province, along with a mixed population of C. violaceum cultispecies from the same region, served as the control material. Through a comparative analysis of phenological periods, agronomic traits, yield, and quality, a novel cultivar, ‘Chengming No.1’, was ultimately selected and developed based on its superior comprehensive evaluation. [Results] In the phenological period survey conducted as part of a two-year comparative study, the CMS1 strain exhibited a shorter growth cycle compared to others. Furthermore, the agronomic characteristics of the CMS1 strain were superior to those of both CMS2 and CK. The average yields of CMS1, CMS2, and CK in the 2019 cultivar comparison test and yield trial were 468.88, 448.52, and 422.15 kg/667 m2, respectively. This resulted in an average yield increase of 11.07% for CMS1 compared to CK and 6.25% for CMS2 compared to CK. The average yields of CMS1, CMS2, and CK in the 2020 cultivar comparison test and yield trial were 482.69, 467.54, and 436.82 kg/667 m2, respectively. CMS1 exhibited an average yield increase of 10.50% compared to CK, while CMS2 demonstrated an average yield increase of 7.03% relative to CK. Furthermore, the average yield of CMS1 per 667 m2 achieved a statistically significant level compared to CK in both years of the study. In multiple-point comparison and yield trials conducted in 2019 and 2020, the CMS1 strain exhibited a total ash content of 15.30%, an acid-insoluble ash content of 1.30%, a moisture content of 10.80%, and water-soluble extract amounting to 11.40%. All of the indicators conformed to the criteria established by the Sichuan Standards for Chinese Medicinal Materials (2010 Edition). [Conclusions] The CMS1 strain successfully passed the field technical appraisal for the novel cultivar of C. violaceum in 2021. This cultivar is characterized by high yield, excellent quality, and stable traits. In 2022, it received validation from the Sichuan Provincial Committee for the Certification of Non-Staple Crop Varieties and was officially named ‘Chengming No.1’ (CRY 2022002). This cultivar demonstrates significant potential for widespread cultivation. |
