 摘要： To explore the distinct effects of hypericin nanoparticles (HC-NPs) on tumor cell growth, water-soluble HC-NPs were prepared from hypericin and its aqueous solution (HC) and used to treat HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells and HeLa uterine cervical cancer cells. The cell viability of HepG2 and HeLa cells was assessed using the CCK-8 assay, and the IC50 values were determined. The cell migration was evaluated using a scratch wound healing assay to compare the effects of HC-NPs and HC. Experimental findings revealed that both HC and HC-NPs exerted suppressive effects on the vitality of HepG2 and HeLa cells, as indicated by the CCK-8 assay. The IC50 values for HC against tumor cells were identified as 71.00 and 124.35 µg/ml, respectively, while for HC-NPs, these were 27.48 µg/ml for HepG2 cells and 61.00 µg/mL for HeLa cells. The scratch assay demonstrated that HC and HC-NPs effectively hindered cell migration and diminished the rate of wound closure. The live/dead cell co-staining assay further confirmed the suppressive effects of HC and HC-NPs on cell proliferation, with the nanoformulation exhibiting a more pronounced effect. The data suggest that HC-NPs are considerably more effective at inhibiting the proliferation of HepG2 and HeLa cancer cells compared to HC. Subsequently, the binding site of the drug on the cells was identified using laser confocal microscopy. Additionally, flow cytometry and laser confocal microscopy were employed to investigate the generation of reactive oxygen species. In conclusion, the findings of this study highlight the potent inhibitory effects of HC-NPs on the growth of HepG2 and HeLa cancer cells, underscoring their potential as therapeutic agents in cancer treatment.

 摘要： [Objectives] This study was conducted to comprehensively elucidate the antioxidant response mechanisms of rice to cadmium (Cd) and manganese (Mn) stress and the interactive effects of their combined stress. [Methods] This study systematically investigated the effects of individual and combined Cd and Mn stress on oxidative damage indicators, activities of major antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, CAT, APX), expression of key antioxidant and detoxification genes (e.g., SOD, POD, CAT, GSH1, GST), and contents of osmoregulatory substances (soluble sugars, soluble proteins, proline) in rice leaves. [Results] (1) Under single or combined stress of Cd and Mn, the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in rice leaves exhibited significant dose-dependence and synergistic effects. (2) Under the Mn500 treatment, the activities of SOD and CAT increased by 7.0% and 19.8%, respectively. Under the Cd5 stress treatment, the activities of POD and APX increased by 22.1% and 55.0%, respectively. The combined stress with low-concentration Mn and Cd significantly increased the activities of SOD and CAT in rice leaves, rising by 18.9% and 45.1%, respectively, compared with single Cd stress. The expression levels of genes encoding CAT and SOD were also significantly upregulated. The combined stress with low-concentration Mn and Cd (Mn500 + Cd) significantly upregulated the expression level of glutathione S-transferase (GST). Conversely, under high-concentration Mn and Cd combined stress (Mn3000 + Cd20), the expression of glutathione synthesis-related genes was significantly inhibited. (3) Under Cd5 stress, the contents of soluble sugars, soluble proteins, and proline in rice leaves increased by 14.2%, 11.5%, and 90.0%, respectively. However, when stress intensity increased (e.g., under Cd20), leaf soluble protein content decreased significantly. Therefore, it was concluded that high-concentration single stress of either Cd or Mn induced massive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (H₂O₂) and membrane lipid peroxidation (elevated MDA), thereby damaging cell membrane integrity. Under combined stress, high-concentration Mn and Cd synergistically exacerbated oxidative damage, with H₂O₂ and MDA accumulation levels significantly higher than those under individual treatments. The response of the antioxidant system exhibited concentration-dependent characteristics. Specifically, low-concentration Mn alleviated Cd-induced oxidative stress by enhancing the activities of SOD and CAT. In contrast, the combined stress with high-concentration Mn and Cd inhibited the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the expression of their encoding genes (such as SOD, CAT, and the glutathione synthase GSH1), significantly compromising cellular defense capacity. [Conclusions] This study provides a reference for understanding the physiological responses and coping mechanisms of rice to combined stress from other heavy metals.

 摘要： Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a core crop for ensuring food security and seed industry independence. Although traditional breeding has made significant progress in dwarfing and hybrid systems, its limitations including long generation cycles and reliance on field phenotypic selection render it inadequate for addressing climate change and resource constraints. In recent years, the integration of controlled environment agriculture (such as plant factories) with technologies including genomics, high-throughput phenomics, and CRISPR-Cas has driven the development of both the concept and practice of speed breeding. This article systematically reviews the facility evolution from off-site generation advancement to on-site generation advancement and then to plant factories, and compares the limitations of traditional methods such as mutation breeding, transgenic breeding, and hybrid breeding. It critically highlights the breakthroughs in efficiency and precision achieved by molecular marker-assisted selection, gene editing, and molecular design breeding. Key components, including illumination, temperature, soilless cultivation with nutrient management, and mild stress induction, are analyzed. Through case studies such as the IRRI SpeedFlower system and China's plant factory-based generation advancement systems, the paper demonstrates the technical feasibility and application prospects of achieving 5-6 generations per year.  

 摘要： Based on the ecological conditions and production practices in Eastern Henan, this paper elaborates on key aspects of early spring fresh maize cultivation in the region, including current planting status, variety selection, seed treatment, site selection and land preparation, plastic film mulching and sowing, field management, pest and disease control, and harvesting. The aim is to provide technical support for improving quality and efficiency in the fresh maize industry and increasing growers' income in Eastern Henan.

 摘要： Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) are important economic and grain crops in China. The pepper-maize intercropping model improves land use efficiency by optimizing resource allocation, delivering notable economic and ecological benefits. This article elaborates on high-yield and high-efficiency techniques for intercropping pepper with maize, including variety selection, land preparation and basal fertilization, field arrangement, sowing and transplanting, field management, and harvesting. It aims to provide technical support for standardized cultivation practices among farmers.

 摘要： [Objectives] This study was conducted to investigate the characteristics of physiological,hematological and blood biochemical parameters in introduced Hu sheep reared in the Zizhong area of Sichuan Province in spring.[Methods] Ten healthy adult rams and ten healthy adult ewes aged 3-5 years were selected, and relevant parameters were measured.[Results] No significant differences were observed between rams and ewes in body temperature, respiratory rate, and heart rate(P> 0.05). Among hematological parameters, except for a significantly higher total platelet count in ewes (P< 0.05) and a significantly higher lymphocyte percentage in rams (P< 0.05), no significant differences were found between rams and ewes in other 11 indicators, including total red blood cell count, total white blood cell count, and hemoglobin concentration (P> 0.05).Among blood biochemical parameters, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and the urea nitrogen-to-creatinine ratio were significantly higher in rams than in ewes (P < 0.05). No significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed between rams and ewes in 13 indicators, including total protein, albumin, glucose, and creatine kinase (CK).Overall, the physiological, hematological, and blood biochemical parameters of Hu sheep under housed conditions in the Zizhong area remained stable, with only a few indicators showing significant differences between sexes. This pattern reflects subtle physiological regulatory differences in metabolism and immune function between rams and ewes.[Conclusions] This study provides fundamental data for understanding the physiological adaptability of Hu sheep in the region.

 摘要： [Objectives] Issues such as adulteration and variety confusion of dried chili powder are prevalent in the current market, making the urgent development of rapid, efficient, and reliable identification methods necessary. [Methods] This study proposed a rapid method for origin tracing and variety identification of dried chili powder based on near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) combined with chemometric algorithms. Representative samples of four dried chili varieties (400 samples) and Erjingtiao samples from five different origins (500 samples) were collected. The samples were ground into powder, and their near-infrared spectral data were subsequently acquired. By comparing multiple preprocessing algorithms, the first-order derivative and standard normal variate (SNV) were identified as the optimal preprocessing methods for respective tasks. To eliminate the collinearity and redundant interference present in the broad absorption bands of the full spectrum, the Competitive Adaptive Reweighted Sampling (CARS) method was introduced to extract the most representative feature variables for classification. [Results] The CARS algorithm reduced the characteristic wavelengths for origin tracing and variety identification to 19 and 10, respectively, significantly decreasing model complexity. The partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) model built on the selected wavelengths achieved perfect classification accuracy on the independent test set, with precision, recall rate, and F1 score all reaching 100%. Moreover, the extracted wavelengths were in high agreement with the absorption bands of the core components of dried chili powder from a chemical mechanism perspective. [Conclusions] This study provides a steady and lightweight theoretical basis and technical support for the real-time supervision and anti-counterfeiting tracing of dried chili powder in market sales and circulation.

 摘要： [Objectives] This study was conducted to establish an analytical method for the determination of 14 veterinary drug residues in pork using liquid chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-TOF/MS). [Methods] The separation was performed on a Phenomenex Kinetex® column. Qualitative analysis was conducted in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode, and quantification was carried out using the matrix-matched external standard method.  [Results] Under optimized conditions, the retention times of the 14 prohibited veterinary drugs ranged from 1.2 to 9.0 min. Within the mass concentration range of 5-200 μg/ml, all analytes exhibited good linearity, with correlation coefficients (r) ≥ 0.999 1. The limits of detection (LOD, S/N = 3) ranged from 0.07 to 0.78 μg/kg, and the limits of quantification (LOQ) ranged from 0.25 to 1.98 μg/kg. The average recoveries at three spiked concentration levels ranged from 82.4% to 104.8%, with relative standard deviations (n = 6) between 2.8% and 6.9%. [Conclusions] This method is simple and accurate, and enables rapid qualitative and quantitative analysis of 14 prohibited veterinary drug residues in pork.

 摘要： [Objectives] This study was conducted to establish a new method for rapid determination of alcohol content in beer using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). [Methods] Genetic algorithm (GA) was used to select characteristic wavelengths from the original spectra, and 158 key wavelength variables were identified. The Kennard-Stone (KS) algorithm was adoped to divide 216 beer samples into a calibration set and a prediction set at a ratio of 7:3. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) and support vector regression (SVR) models were subsequently established. [Results] The GA-SVR model constructed after GA screening exhibited the best performance, with a coefficient of determination () of 0.963, a root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 0.318% vol, and a residual predictive deviation (RPD) of 5.633 for the prediction set. [Conclusions] This method enables rapid, non-destructive, and high-precision prediction of alcohol content in beer, providing an effective technical approach for quality control in beer production.

 摘要： Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an emerging cancer treatment modality that induces tumor cell death by utilizing photosensitizers generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) under specific wavelength light excitation, which has the advantages of high selectivity and low toxicity. This paper reviews the latest research advances and challenges in PDT for cancer treatment. It  focuses on analyzing its fundamental principles and mechanisms, including Type I and Type II photodynamic reactions, the intracellular localization and mechanisms of photosensitizers, and thoroughly explores various PDT-induced cell death patterns, especially the challenges and corresponding strategies related to the tumor microenvironment (TME). Meanwhile, this paper elaborates the main mechanisms of tumor cell resistance to PDT and discusses the synergistic mechanisms to overcome these challenges through novel photosensitizers, nanocarrier technology and multimodal combined other therapies like photothermal therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy and others. This review aims to reveal the complexity and diversity of PDT mechanisms, assess current challenges, and look toward the future, so as to provide a deep understanding and theoretical foundation for further exploration in the field of PDT, and promote the further development and clinical application of PDT in the field of cancer treatment.